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On July 23rd 2011, singer Amy Winehouse was found dead in the bedroom of her Camden home. Forensic physician Dr Jason Payne-James re-examines the circumstances surrounding the jazz singer's death.

Primary Title
  • Autopsy: The Last Hours of Amy Winehouse
Date Broadcast
  • Tuesday 22 March 2016
Start Time
  • 20 : 30
Finish Time
  • 21 : 30
Duration
  • 60:00
Series
  • 4
Episode
  • 1
Channel
  • TV One
Broadcaster
  • Television New Zealand
Programme Description
  • On July 23rd 2011, singer Amy Winehouse was found dead in the bedroom of her Camden home. Forensic physician Dr Jason Payne-James re-examines the circumstances surrounding the jazz singer's death.
Classification
  • AO
Owning Collection
  • Chapman Archive
Broadcast Platform
  • Television
Languages
  • English
Captioning Languages
  • English
Captions
Live Broadcast
  • No
Rights Statement
  • Made for the University of Auckland's educational use as permitted by the Screenrights Licensing Agreement.
Genres
  • Documentary
WOMAN: Tonight, the music industry is mourning the loss of one of its brightest stars. The singer Amy Winehouse has been found dead in her flat. Amy Winehouse and her music won the hearts of millions. Her multi-award winning album Back to Black has sold more than 20 million copies worldwide. Her soulful voice, the honesty of her lyrics and down-to-earth personality won the hearts of millions. CHEERS, APPLAUSE To be honest, this is really high-end for me, y'know? Like, this isn't the kind of thing I'm used to, y'know? LAUGHTER Like Andrew` Sir` Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber, like, he's up here, and I'm, like, all I can think about is the fact that he looks like my uncle Ron. LAUGHTER I'm serious! Thank you very much. APPLAUSE MOURNFUL MUSIC But at 3pm on July the 23rd 2011, Amy Winehouse is found dead in the bedroom of her home in Camden, North London. CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKS At the inquest, the coroner concluded she had died of alcohol poisoning. It was no secret that Amy Winehouse had had a long battle with addictions, but in the weeks leading up to her death, she'd made huge progress. She was clean from drugs, and she was tackling her alcohol dependence. So why did Amy Winehouse suddenly drink herself to death? INTRIGUING MUSIC Copyright Able 2016 Dr Jason Payne-James is an internationally recognised specialist in forensic and legal medicine. Called on by the National Crime Agency, the Metropolitan Police and government task forces in the US and the UK, he provided evidence in the Soham murders and the Baby P cases. Using information revealed at the autopsy, evidence from the inquest and eyewitness accounts, I'm going to investigate the last few days and hours of Amy Winehouse's life. How did alcohol kill her and was it the only factor in her death? THUMPING CLUB MUSIC PLAYS Five weeks before her death, Amy Winehouse and her band are about to go onstage for the first night of a 12-date European tour. Under intense pressure following a series of disastrous concerts, Amy's career is in crisis. Amy was in a seriously dark place. She's haunted by demons. Her personal life's been a car crash. This is the acid test. It's her first gig` her first proper gig in quite a while, and she needs to silence those critics and silence them for good. In a minute. APPLAUSE OUTSIDE She'd sort of been making these concerted efforts to... put the show back on the road, and because of that, we were all very hopeful this was gonna be a comeback tour. We honestly thought she was getting better. CHEERS, APPLAUSE But it's a disaster. As this footage reveals, a drunken Amy is barely able to perform. It was chaos. This on another level, and we` we realised that it just couldn't go on. BOOS, SHOUTS We played for over an hour, but I don't think we got through a single song. And it was just heartbreaking. It was heart-wrenching. SOMBRE PIANO MUSIC Southgate, North London, 1997. Amy's talent was obvious from childhood. She began writing songs aged 14. Growing up, I just thought when you` when you're happy or sad, you know, you sing. By 16, she was a vocalist with the National Youth Jazz Orchestra and signed to music impresario Simon Fuller. My music is the only area in my life where I'm fully... confident and fully embrace everything, you know I mean? So... So, yeah. (LAUGHS) She burst to prominence in 2003, aged just 20, with her debut album, Frank. She was world-class. An extreme talent. We'd be in rehearsals at times, she'd, you know` we'd be crying, because it was so good. UNEASY PIANO MUSIC It's timeless music, and it will bring smiles, it will bring tears. That's what Amy did. Music is the most influential thing in my entire life and will be, you know, until I die. Amy's gift is obvious in the title track of her second album in 2006. Her distinctive beehive hairstyle and 50s-inspired image became recognisable around the world. Looking at Amy Winehouse, the first thing we notice is her big, black beehive wig, her multiple tattoos. She's had breast enhancement surgery. All of these suggest somebody who is very conscious of their body and very conscious of the image that they wish to project to others. But Amy's iconic look and huge success were overshadowed by a spiral into an abyss of addiction. SOMBRE MUSIC CHATTER, CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICK Violent outbursts, bizarre behaviour and stints in rehab became a national obsession. She was very emotional. She was very sensitive. That leaves you very exposed, particularly when you become famous, and you don't know what's real and what's not real. CHATTER, CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICK There's no way that you would want that fame with that much attention to the point that you couldn't even breathe when you left your own house. WOMAN SHOUTS, LAUGHS She's not really primed to be famous. She was` She was always gonna be bad at it. SOMBRE PIANO MUSIC A month before her death, Amy Winehouse returns home following her disastrous performance in Serbia. Her European tour has been cancelled. She will never perform in public again. It was an absolute blow to her. She knew what was going on, and it was very hard for her to come to terms with it. Four weeks later, Amy Winehouse is found dead. The results of forensic tests conducted during the autopsy are a revelation. From the toxicology report, the first thing I notice is that Amy is taking a prescription drug called Librium. Librium is one of a class of drugs called benzodiazepines and is used in the treatment of alcohol dependence and also used to treat the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. So that seems odd, because on the one hand, Amy died of alcohol poisoning. But on the other hand, she was trying to actively manage her recovery. CHATTER, CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICK There were other signs that Amy Winehouse was turning a corner and trying to change her life. She had a new boyfriend who wasn't living in her reflected glory. He had his own career. His creativity kick-started hers. She was writing songs again. She was making plans for the future. They were gonna go to St Lucia to celebrate her birthday in September. There was even talk of marriage. There's substantial amount of evidence that suggests that Amy Winehouse was really trying to deal with her alcohol addiction. There were many positive things in her life. What then changed that made her relapse and eventually drink herself to death? Blood samples were subject to toxicology tests. The results were a shock. Amy Winehouse had a blood alcohol level of 416mg per cent. That's more than five times the drink-drive limit. DRAMATIC NOTE Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream and passes to the brain, where it has a direct toxic effect on the respiratory centre, causing respiratory depression and cessation of breathing. Two to three minutes later, your heart will stop. Oxygen does not reach the brain, and you die. TENSE MUSIC But the death of Amy Winehouse is a mystery. On the one hand, she was taking a prescription drug, Librium, to combat the effects of alcohol dependence ` yet we know she died of alcohol poisoning. So was alcohol the sole cause of her death or were other factors involved? . On the day Amy's body was found, vomit was discovered in her bathroom toilet. Was this a symptom of her alcoholism or of some other illness? BAG RUSTLES UNEASY MUSIC Thursday... Two days before she dies, Amy Winehouse is at home with her live-in security guard, Andrew Morris. Yeah, I want that one. Sri Lankan, Turkey, there's curry, there's Chinese, there's Asian, there's Thai. She was never one for salads; never one for the healthy thing. As long as there was a chicken curry there, didn't care about the five a day. Her love of high-cholesterol food hid a deeper problem. Evidence heard at the inquest revealed that Amy Winehouse had been battling bulimia. Bulimia is an eating disorder whereby people binge on food and then attempt to control their weight by purging themselves, say, with laxatives or by self-induced vomiting. Southgate, North London. The year 2000. CHATTER, LAUGHTER Amy Winehouse is 17. She's got a new group of friends, so she's partying hard. She's eating. Again, the girls are coming around, eating, stuffing their faces. Let's have double portions. At the same time, like every teenaged girl, They're worried about how they're gonna look the day after. Then you get rid of it, puke it up. You still look good the next day. (VOMITS) (COUGHS, VOMITS) Whilst a lot of them seem to grow out of that behaviour and improve, Amy didn't. (COUGHS) (HACKS) She'd go on a massive food binge for a whole day, then be sick all night, all the next day, and then starve herself for about five days and just live off Haribo for the sugar and then eat again probably the next week. GIRL: I want the doughnut. Right, there we are. Bulimia has the potential for causing serious health problems. These include rupture of the stomach, damage to the oesophagus and catastrophic loss of chemicals called electrolytes. Electrolytes, like sodium and potassium, generate energy, contract muscles and move fluids around the body. Purging can cause dehydration and the loss of electrolytes. This can lead to irregular heartbeats and even heart failure. Amy Winehouse had bulimia, and so she could have had electrolyte disturbance. She was also drinking, and we know she had high alcohol levels. The two of these combined could have affected the function of her heart and could have stopped her heart beating. So could bulimia have contributed to Amy's death? Her brother, Alex, believed it was the direct cause, and a former stylist was convinced Amy died from a combination of bulimia and alcohol, because of the extra pressure her eating disorder put on her body. Her GP stated at the inquest into her death that despite suffering from bulimia, Amy had refused psychiatric help, fearing its effect on her creativity as a songwriter. These are photographs of Amy taken three days or so before her death. She looks happy, healthy, no sign of malnutrition, but in my view, bulimia is very rarely the cause of death. It can be symptomatic of bigger problems. Um, so we have to look for clues elsewhere. Friday... The day before her death. Camden Square, North London. At 2pm, Amy's mother, Janis, pays her a visit. How are you? She's not seen her daughter for several weeks. According to Janice's account of what happened, Amy is still in bed. Come on. Let's get your jacket. She said that Amy's bodyguard, Andrew, washed her and dressed her. Janice stated she had to wait half an hour and that Amy has to be carried downstairs. She said her daughter reeked of alcohol. It was coming out of every pore. She could barely speak. It's clear that 24 hours before her death, Amy has been drinking for some time, despite attempts to stay sober and despite knowing the risks. < Right, love? At the inquest, Amy's GP told the coroner, (READS) 'The advice I'd given to Amy over a long period of time 'was about all the effects alcohol could have on the system, including respiratory depression and death.' So Amy was well aware of the risks that she presented to herself, but for some reason, she was either unwilling or unable to follow the advice given. FRANTIC MUSIC Further evidence suggests that Amy's drinking and her bulimia are symptoms of a far deeper problem. CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICK As her fame grew and her battle with addiction became public knowledge, Amy was hounded by paparazzi. Photographs reveal a pattern of profoundly disturbed behaviour. So, we have a photograph here dated 20th of March 2008, and it shows Amy's left upper arm, and what can be seen are multiple fine, superficial, probably incised wounds. I then look at a further image dated the 6th of August 2009. Same arm. The site of injuries have healed up, but there's new injuries of a similar nature. These are very very typical of self-harm injury. SOMBRE STRING MUSIC Most of the time, she used to do, uh, what I would call frustration cuts. So they'd be in places, sometimes, that nobody was ever gonna see them. So it wasn't a cry out for help. It was something that she was doing to herself. Every day, she did some kind of self-harm. People who self-harm claim they cut themselves for various reasons. It's a way of managing anxiety or managing frustration or hurt or anger or just releasing pain. UNEASY, FRAGMENTED NOTE The roots of Amy's torment date back to childhood and a trauma that changed her life. September 1983. Southgate, North London. Amy Jade Winehouse was born to a Jewish family ` her father, Mitch, a taxi driver; and mother, Janis, a pharmacist. She was quite tomboyish. Thought nothing of going out, you know, climbing trees and grazing her knees. She wasn't one for pretty frocks and ribbons. Just your average kid, basically. GENTLE PIANO MUSIC Mischievous and daring, Amy had a contented childhood. GENTLE PIANO MUSIC CONTINUES But in 1992, age 9, her life was thrown into turmoil when her father left home for another woman. GENTLE MUSIC FADES Mitch Winehouse's departure from the family home utterly devastated Amy, cos she didn't see any signs of it coming. One minute, doting dad's there; the next, he's gone. UNEASY PIANO MUSIC This is the first man she has ever loved, and he was leaving the family home for another woman. Now, as a child, they tend to see the world in black-and-white terms. And she may have self-blamed. She may have said, 'If` If I'd only been different, he may have stayed.' And I think a child can feel a deep sense of rejection and loss and abandonment. It may have left a deep and long-lasting wound that Amy carried for the rest of her life. GENTLE PIANO MUSIC Later, Amy explained in revealing interviews that she often used her music to cope with difficult feelings. Her father, Mitch, maintained regular contact. POIGNANT MUSIC But the trauma of abandonment may have trigged the onset of self-destructive behaviour. The year her father left, Amy experimented with self-harming. Amy was 9, which is very very young to be engaging in that kind of behaviour. And I wonder if it was an expression of a child who didn't want anyone to know that she was suffering so deeply and didn't want to blame anybody else and, sort of, turned it inwards as a way of dealing with such deep pain, but secretly. HAUNTING MUSIC At 15, Amy got the first of her many tattoos. But as she revealed in a magazine interview, tattooing was another form of self-harm. 'It's a way of suffering for the things that mean a lot to you. 'Actually, I like the pain. To me, it relieves you.' CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICK Amy, hi. Amy. As Amy became ever more successful, her self-destructive behaviour seemed to escalate. OPTIMISTIC TECHNO MUSIC On February the 12th 2008, Amy won five Grammy awards, the crowning achievement of her career. MUSIC FALTERS But in private, her self-harming was spiralling out of control. Only three weeks earlier, it culminated in the threat of suicide. Three years before her death. Amy's record label has threatened to stop her working unless she goes into rehab. Her father, Mitch, says he drives her to a private hospital. Dad, just let me get out! Stop the car! She just flipped, panicked, and started kicking and screaming, making a scene, threatening to kill herself. Amy repeats the threat in hospital. An attempt is made to detain her for compulsory assessment, but staff believe she's not a danger to herself,... Let me go! (SOBS) Please! ...so she's released. I want to go home, Dad! Amy had a long history of self-destructive and disturbed behaviour ` bulimia, self-harming and suicide threats. So is it possible she's so hell-bent on destroying herself that she deliberately drank herself to death? . SOMBRE PIANO MUSIC Friday... Amy, how have you been feeling? Less than 24 hours before her death, Amy's GP, Dr Cristina Romete, visits her at home. Amy told her GP that she didn't want to die. She's making plans. She's gonna go on a holiday to St Lucia to celebrate her birthday. She's got a new boyfriend. They're talking about getting married. She's getting her life back on track. The last thing on her mind is suicide. I know that... Other accounts also suggest Amy is in a positive state of mind. The day before her doctor's visit, she had called her friend, songwriter and producer Stefan Skarbek. She said she was writing some tunes, working on some of the really old stuff that we had done, just playing around with it. So chatting about that a bit, and, um, 'New boyfriend cool?' 'Yeah, yeah, yeah, great.' Happy, happy. SOMBRE PIANO MUSIC FRACTURED NOTE All the evidence from the inquest suggest Amy did not intend to kill herself. The police found no suspicious circumstances at the scene. There's no suggestion that her previous self-harming behaviour had an influence. The coroner recorded a verdict of misadventure. So why was Amy found dead? Friday... 10pm, the night before Amy's death. According to her bodyguard, Andrew Morris, Amy is at home watching videos. Although she's been drinking, he says she seems to be her usual bubbly self. AMY LAUGHS, ROCK MUSIC PLAYS But further evidence heard at the inquest provides a vital clue and an insight into a darker side of Amy's private life. Her GP, Dr Cristina Romete, revealed that Amy had previously used marijuana, heroin and crack cocaine. Each of these drugs in combination with alcohol have the potential for causing death. The question is ` had Amy started using any or all of these drugs again? Amy's relationship with drugs was long-standing. Amy was around 15 when she first started experimenting with recreational drugs. She started off on cannabis then probably went on to weed. Once she moved to Camden, free of the parental reins, that sort of took on a new level, but still nothing major. REPORTERS CLAMOUR, CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICK Entering the music industry with, maybe, drink and drugs more readily available would have just been a natural step. She has got access to excess. In 2005, one year after the release of her debut album, 21-year-old Amy met Blake Fielder-Civil. They began a relationship that saw a dramatic escalation in her drug use. Blake Fielder-Civil was something of a Camden chancer. He was a face on the scene. He'd tell everybody that he was involved in the music business, when in actual fact he'd been a gofer on a Lily Allen video. REPORTERS CLAMOUR It wasn't a normal love. It was an obsession. Definitely an obsession. Like, she wanted to be him ` the` the tattoos, the way she started to speak, her accent changed. There are characteristics in the relationships Amy has with men that seem to be very intense, very stormy and go from being highly idealised love, almost pedestal love, to the other extreme, which is almost dislike and devaluation. Don't wanna be with him at all. Don't like him. And they just seem to swing from one state to the other, but at the extremes. Their turbulent relationship was a spur to Amy's songwriting. He was the inspiration for Back to Black, the album that made her a star. Sorry. < All right, all right. But Blake Fielder-Civil was already a Class A drug user, and he would play a key role in Amy's spiral into dependency. REPORTERS CLAMOUR SOFT, SOMBRE MUSIC Four years before her death, East London. In a hotel room with Blake, Amy smokes heroin for the first time. Within weeks, she's addicted. GLASS CLINKS I used to wake her up, and the minute that she woke up, she'd roll over, put heroin out on foil to smoke that, and that was before she'd even surfaced out of the bedroom. She'd see things that weren't real. She'd get paranoid over things that weren't even there. Fielder-Civil later confessed he'd introduced Amy to heroin. I've, uh` I've admitted that I` I was there when she did it the first time, yeah. Yeah, it was my doing. I don't` I don't know if she would have ever experienced it without me. Heroin is an illegal, highly addictive drug. It's readily available on the street. It's processed from morphine, which itself is derived from poppy plants. On the street, it's cut with a number of other substances ` sugars, such as starches, and powdered milk. UNEASY MUSIC When heroin is smoked, opiate molecules bind to and activate receptors in the reward centre of the brain. This stimulates the release of the chemical dopamine, which causes a sensation of pleasure. With all Class A drugs, there is a risk of overdose, but if you consume heroin and alcohol and sedative drugs such as Librium, that risk is greatly increased. So had Amy been using drugs as well as alcohol the night of her death? , 11.30pm, Camden Rd. Get me something. I` I need... According an account given by a man called Tony Azzopardi, he and Amy are in the back of a taxicab. Now, this guy says he made a phone call to a drug dealer in Hampstead, and then he and Amy went by taxi to Hampstead where Amy paid �1200 for some crack cocaine and heroin. It was reported that Azzopardi says the singer then dropped him off in Archway, North London, before heading home in the early hours of Saturday. Amy's family denied the incident took place, but her crack habit was well known. People should have seen that she was actually really ill and needed help, and nobody was helping her. UNEASY MUSIC Smoking crack cocaine can cause a huge number of bad effects. Psychological effects include anxiety, paranoia, bizarre behaviour. Physical effects include epileptic-like convulsions or heart attacks. Combining crack cocaine with other substances, including alcohol, can be even more dangerous. When alcohol and cocaine are consumed together, they can produce a third toxic chemical called cocaethylene. Cocaethylene can increase the chance of seizures, heart attacks and even strokes. Amy had almost died from mixing drugs and alcohol once before. Camden Square. ETHEREAL NOTE SHIMMERING MUSIC She diced with death all the time. Uh, when it got really bad ` I'd say at the worst points it was when it was a party for six days before you'd even go to sleep ` she'd cry in her sleep, and it was so hard to watch, cos obviously she was still high. She'd whimper all the way through the night. According to an unnamed source quoted in a national newspaper, after a three-day binge on vodka, heroin, coke, crystal meth and ketamine, Amy suffers a seizure. Some seizures can cause sudden death. One of the mechanisms can be the regurgitation of stomach contents into the air passages. That can cause respiratory depression and respiratory arrest ` the condition which the coroner concluded killed Amy. She reportedly suffered at least four further seizures over the following year. So could she have died from a drug and alcohol overdose? Post-mortem results showed there were no tablets in her stomach at the time of her death. Toxicology results showed there were no illegal drugs in her system, which certainly indicates there'd been no recent consumption within the last few days of illegal drugs. There were no drug paraphernalia at her house, and at the inquest, her GP said that she'd not consumed illegal drugs for two years. So despite the fact that illegal drugs played a big part in Amy's life, there's no suggestion that illegal drugs played a part in her death. As a result of the stories circulating about him, Tony Azzopardi was interviewed by the police about his involvement, but he was not charged with any offence. July the 23rd 2011. 4am, Camden Square. ROCK MUSIC PLAYS According to testimony heard at the inquest, security guard Andrew Morris is in his bedroom. He can still hear Amy upstairs in her room. From this point on, the precise sequence of events is unknown. At some point in the early hours, Amy goes to the bathroom and vomits. OMINOUS MUSIC Still fully clothed, she kicks off her shoes and slumps face-down on her bed. MUSIC FADES Camden Square. DOOR LATCH CLICKS Amy? According to his testimony, at 10am, Andrew looks in on Amy. He thinks she's still sleeping, so he decides to let her rest. SUSPENSEFUL NOTE Amy? MUSIC SWELLS Amy? At 3.30pm, Andrew checks on her again and finds she's not moved,... Amy? ...and she isn't breathing. MUSIC SOFTENS (BREATHES HEAVILY) Ambulance. Camden Square. Come on! MUSIC RISES Amy Winehouse has been found dead in her London home. MOURNFUL STRING MUSIC MUSIC CONTINUES It was all over the news, and it was an absolute shock. Why did you do it? You had so much going for you. So much to live for. SHAKILY: I think we all knew that that day was coming but it` but hoped it would never happen. I wanted to see her, to say goodbye to her properly, and when, obviously, we got to the house, it was a huge crime scene, and nobody was allowed inside, so (SNIFFLES) the last I saw of Amy was her in a body bag. (SOBS) MOURNFUL MUSIC CONTINUES As news of the tragedy sinks in, the world waits for investigators to explain why the life of one of the world's brightest musical talents should end so prematurely. No one expected the revelations that would follow. Buried deep in the inquest testimony is evidence of an undiagnosed mental health condition that no one knew about ` not even Amy Winehouse herself. TENSE MUSIC There's evidence that Amy had been trying to combat her drinking. Toxicology test results showed that she had been taking a prescription drug called Librium to manage the effects of withdrawal and addiction. But as with all drugs, Librium can produce adverse side effects. The side effects of Librium can include confusion, loss of coordination, drowsiness and seizures, which can be fatal. In high enough doses, Librium can trigger respiratory depression, the cause of Amy's death. Respiratory depression caused by tranquilisers like Librium was a contributor factor in the deaths of Marilyn Monroe and Judy Garland. And recent research indicates there have been more than 17,000 tranquiliser-related deaths in the past 50 years. So could the side effects of Amy's alcohol-withdrawal medication also be linked to her death? Librium is only fatal if taken in very large doses. At the inquest, only small traces of Librium were found in Amy's body. Librium doesn't appear to have played any part in Amy's death. But further testimony heard at the inquest provides vital clues. Her doctor told the court Amy had started drinking again on the 20th of July following two weeks of abstinence and that she'd developed a regular habit of dry periods off alcohol followed by bingeing sessions. UNEASY MUSIC SLOWLY BUILDS This is a key piece of evidence. Binge-drinking after a period of abstinence brings its own risks. What were previously safe levels of alcohol become unsafe, putting you at potential risk of respiratory depression and death. The 48 to 72 hours of drinking after a period of abstinence are in my view what killed Amy. She'd had a respiratory arrest, became unconscious and never woke up. But why did she suddenly relapse? BOTTLE THUDS The answer is hidden deep in the details of the inquest testimony. Amy's GP, Dr Christina Romete, revealed that in the year before her death, Amy had been examined by a psychiatrist and a psychologist, and it was recommended she undertake a course of dialectical behaviour therapy. Dialectical behaviour therapy is a treatment programme designed to help a person gain mastery over their destructive emotions and learn different coping methods so that they can lead a more positive life. It's the breakthrough Dr Payne-James has been looking for. What's important is that dialectical behaviour therapy was specifically designed to treat a serious mental health condition called borderline personality disorder, and the possibility that Amy Winehouse had borderline personality disorder completely alters my understanding of Amy's death. People with borderline personality disorder have often suffered extreme reactions to trauma such as abandonment in childhood. They're known to engage in often impulsive and dangerous behaviours, such as substance misuse, alcohol misuse and binge-eating. (COUGHS, VOMITS) They may have recurring behaviour such as self-harm, self-cutting or suicide threats. They have intense and changeable moods lasting from a few hours to a few days. They may have chronic feelings of emptiness and of boredom. They may have a pattern of intense and stormy relationships with friends and loved ones. They may have inappropriate or intense anger or difficulty in controlling that anger. To be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, people must have an enduring pattern of at least five of the symptoms that I've described. Amy certainly seems to display at least five of those symptoms, and so I think that it is likely that Amy was suffering from borderline personality disorder. CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICK, REPORTERS CLAMOUR It certainly puts a different hue on what happened to Amy, that maybe some of her behaviours were out of her control, and she didn't quite understand what she was experiencing. She just probably felt that she was turbulent a lot of the time, and it may have been symptomatic of` of why she` why she died so young. SOMBRE PIANO MUSIC Borderline personality disorder may have had a significant contribution to Amy's death, accounting, in part, for her lifestyle and, towards the end, her reckless behaviour, her excessive drinking in the last few days and ultimately drinking herself to death. The causes of borderline personality disorder are not yet fully understood. It's often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Amy was one of nearly 620,000 people thought to suffer from the condition in the UK, and yet she repeatedly refused to accept any psychiatric help. I think it's crucial that they get the right kind of support to manage their symptoms so that they can have a better outcome, but what's so sad and tragic in Amy's case is that she didn't engage in that. She didn't get that support. She didn't want that help, and it ended up so tragically for her. What everybody needed to realise with Amy was she didn't want to be fixed. No. (VOICE BREAKS) Sh-She was happy the way things were, because it was the only way that she could escape the madness that was going on around her. And there's a further cruel irony ` chance may also have played a role in her death. Lying face-down can compromise breathing by compressing the chest or perhaps, uh, occluding the mouth or the nose. Had Amy not been in that position, it's possible she may have survived. REPORTERS CHATTER (LAUGHS) Her name will be linked with the all-time greats in generations to come. She's a legend, really, and she's continued the heritage and the legacy of the likes of Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald. And that will live on, you know. People will always remember her for that. SOMBRE ELECTRONICA MUSIC Captions by Alana Cruikshank. Edited by Ingrid Lauder.